Murugan, also called
Kartikeyan,
Skanda and
Subrahmanyan, is a popular
Hindudeity especially among
Tamil Hindus, worshipped primarily in areas with Tamil influences, especially
South India,
Singapore,
Sri Lanka,
Malaysia,
Mauritius and
Reunion Island. His six most important shrines in India are the
Arupadaiveedu temples, located in
Tamil Nadu. In
Sri Lanka,
Hindus as well as
Buddhists revere the sacred historical
Nallur Kandaswamy temple in
Jaffna and the sacred Buddhist and Hindu shrine or
Katirkāmam Temple (also in
Sinhala "Katharagama Devalaya") dedicated to him, situated deep south in the country.
[1] Ethnic Chinese in Penang, Kuala Lumpur, of
Malaysia also pray to Lord Murugan during
Thaipusam.
Lord Murugan is more popular in South India especially among Tamil people famously referred as
Thamizh Kadavul (God of Tamils) compared to other parts of India. He is the patron deity of the Tamil land (
Tamil Nadu). In
Karnataka he is popular as "Subrahmanya" and is often associated with snakes, famous shrine
Kukke Subramanya is well known for
Sarpa shanti rites.In
Andhra Pradesh and
Bengal too he is popular by the names "Subrahmanya" and "Kartikeya" respectively.
[2] Like most Hindu deities, Murugan is known by many other names, including
Senthil (meaning 'smart' or 'clever'),
Saravaṇa,
Kārtikeya (meaning 'son of
Krittika'),
Arumugam,
Sanmuga (from Sanskrit
Ṣaṇmukha),
Shadanana (meaning 'one with six faces'),
Kumāra (meaning 'child or son'),
Dhandapany (meaning God with a
Club),
Guhan or
Guruhuha (meaning 'cave-dweller'),
Skanda (meaning 'that which is spilled or oozed, namely seed' in Sanskrit),
[3] Subrahmaṇya,
Vēlaṇ and
Swaminatha.
[4]
[edit]Historical development
Karttikeya shrine with anteloppe. Yaudheya, Punjab, 2nd century CE.
Karttikeya with
Vel and Seval (rooster), coin of the Yaudheyas 200 BCE.
[edit]Sangam Tamil literature
Tolkappiyam, possibly the most ancient of the extant Sangam works, dated between the 3rd century
BCE and 5th century
CE glorified Murugan, " the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as " the favoured god of the Tamils."
[6]
The Sangam poetry divided space and Tamil land into five allegorical areas (tinai) and according to the
Tirumurugarruppatai ( c. 400-450 AD) attributed to the great Sangam poet Nakkiirar, Murugan was the presiding deity the Kurinci region (hilly area). (Tirumurugaruppatai is a deeply devotional poem included in the ten idylls (
Pattupattu) of the age of the third Sangam).
Tamil
Sangam Literature mentions
Murugu as a nature spirit worshipped associated with a non-
Brahmanical priest known as a
Velan, a name later used to refer to the deity himself. The worship of Murugu often occurred in the woods or in an open field, with no particular associated structure. The rituals practiced included the
Veriyaattu, a form of ritual-trance-dancing, which is still a common part of Murugan worship in
Tamil Nadu and
Malaysia. Murugu was believed to hold power over the chaotic and could be appeased by kavadi dance (dancing with peacock feather attached sticks carrying in shoulders of devotes) to bring order and prosperity.
The other Sangam era works in Tamil that refer to Murugan in detail include the
Paripaatal, the
Akananuru and the
Purananuru.One poem in the Paripaatal describes the veneration of Murugan thus:
But for thy grace beatific, love and virtuous deeds."
According to the Tamil devotional work,
Thiruppugazh, "Murugan never hesitates to come to the aid of a devotee when called upon in piety or distress". In another work
Thirumurukkarrupatai, he is described as a god of eternal youth;
His face shines a myriad rays light and removes the darkness from this world.[7]
[edit]Sanskrit literature
The references to Murugan in Sanskrit literature can be traced back to the first millennium BCE. There are references to Subrahmanya in Kautilya's Arthashastra, in the works of Patanjali, in Kalidasa's epic poem the
Kumarasambhavam and in the Sanskrit drama
Mricchakatika. The
Kushanas, who governed from what is today
Peshawar, and the
Yaudheyas, a republican clan in the Punjab, struck coins bearing the image of Skanda. The deity was venerated also by the
Ikshvakus, an
Andhra dynasty, and the
Guptas.
[8] The worship of Kumāra was one of the six principal sects of Hinduism at the time of
Adi Shankara. The
Shanmata system propagated by him included this sect. In many Shiva and Devi temples of Tamil Nadu,
Subrahmaṇya is installed on the left of the main deity.
Sati, the consort of
Shiva immolated herself at the
Daksha Yagna, sacrificed herself in yagna. Sati was reborn as
Parvati the daughter of the mountain king Himavaan (the Himalayas). Shiva withdrew himself from the universe and engaged himself in yogic meditation in the Himalayas.
[citation needed]
In the meanwhile,
Tarakasur (an
asura) ravaged the earth and tormented its beings. It was realized by the gods that only the son born of Shiva could lead the gods to victory over
Tarakasuran, Surapdaman and their companions. They plotted with
Kamadeva, to shoot a flower arrow at Shiva, as he sat in meditation, so as to make him fall in love with Parvati. When Kama aimed his arrow, Shiva opened his third eye and burned Kama to ashes instantly.
[citation needed]
The sparks of the fiery seed of Shiva were unbearable; even the fire God Agni could not bear them; this fire was then transported by the river Ganges into the Saravana forest into a pond called the Saravana Poigai (located at mouths of river Ganges), where the sparks became six children. They were raised by the six
Krittika or Kartika - the stars that make up the Pleiades, earning the name Karthikeya. Parvati combined these six babies into one with six faces, i.e. Shanmukha or Arumugan. Since he was born in the Saravana he was also called 'Saravanabhava'.
[citation needed]
Murugan became the supreme general of the demi-gods then escorted the devas and led the army of the devas to victory against the asuras. The six sites at which Karthikeya sojourned while leading his armies against Surapadman are Tiruttanikai, Swamimalai, Tiruvavinankudi (Palani), Pazhamudirsolai, Tirupparamkunram and Tiruchendur. All these sites have ancient temples glorified by the Tamil poems of Tirumurugaatruppadai of the Sangam period (c. the 3rd century AD).And these six sites collectively came to be known as "Arupadai Veedu" (Lang:Tamil), it means the six battle camps of the Lord.
[citation needed]
[edit]Hindu epics
Template:Kumaran The first elaborate account of Karthikeya's origin occurs in the
Mahabharata. In a complicated story, he is said to have been born from Agni and
Svāha, after the latter impersonated the six of the seven wives of the
Saptarishi (Seven Sages). The actual wives then become the Pleiades. Karthikeya is said to have been born to destroy the
Asura Mahisha.
[9] (In later mythology, Mahisha became the adversary of
Durga.)
Indra attacks Karthikeya as he sees the latter as a threat, until Shiva intervenes and makes Karthikeya the commander-in-chief of the army of the Devas. He is also married to Devasena, Indra's daughter. The origin of this marriage lies probably in the punning of 'Deva-sena-pati'. It can mean either lord of Devasena or Lord of the army (sena) of Devas.
[citation needed]
The
Ramayana version is closer to the stories told in the Puranas discussed below.
The
Atharva Veda describes Kumaran as 'Agnibhuh' or son of
Agni, the fire god. The Satapatha Brahmana refers to him as the son of
Rudra and the ninth form of Agni. The
Taittiriya Aranyaka contains the Gayatri mantra for Shanmukha. The Chandogya Upanishad refers to Skanda as the "way that leads to wisdom". The Baudhayana Dharmasutra mentions Skanda as 'Mahasena' and 'Subrahmanya.' The Aranya Parva canto of the
Mahabharata relates the legend of Kartikeya Skanda in considerable detail. The
Skanda Purana is devoted to the narrative of Kartikeya.
[8] The Upanisahds also constantly make a reference to a Supreme Being called Guha, the indweller.
[edit]Puranas
Though slightly varying versions occur in the Puranas, they broadly follow the same pattern. By this period, the identification of
Shiva/
Rudra with
Agni, that can be traced back to the
Vedas and
Brahmanas, had clearly made Kartikeya the son of Shiva.
[citation needed]
The
Skanda Purana narrates that Shiva first wed
Dakshayani (also named Sati), the granddaughter of Brahma, and the daughter of Daksha. Daksha never liked Shiva, who, symbolizing destruction and detachment, begs for food, dances in a graveyard smeared with ashes, and has no possessions, not even good clothes for himself. Daksha publicly insults Shiva in a
Yagna ceremony, and Dakshayani immolates herself. The Yagna is destroyed although protected by all the other Gods and the
rishis.
Taraka believed that, because Shiva is an ascetic and his earlier marriage was conducted with great difficulty, his remarriage was out of the question, hence his boon of being killed by Shiva's son alone would give him invincibility.
[citation needed]
The Devas manage to get Shiva married to
Parvati (who was Dakshayani, reborn), by making Manmatha (also known as
Kama), the God of love awaken him from his penance, but Manmatha incurred the Lord's wrath indicated by the opening his third eye - "Netri Kann", and being destroyed and resurrected. Shiva hands over his effulgence of the third eye used to destroy Manmatha to Agni, as he alone is capable of handling it until it becomes the desired offspring. But even Agni, tortured its heat, hands it over to
Ganga who in turn deposits it in a lake in a forest of reeds (sharavanam).Then Goddess
Parvati,took the form of this water body as she alone is capable of taming the Tejas of
Shiva,her consort. . The child is finally born in this forest (vana) with six faces-eesanam, sathpurusham, vamadevam, agoram, sathyojatham and adhomugam. He is first spotted and cared for by six women representing the Pleiades - Kritika in Sanskrit. He thus gets named Karthikeya. As a young lad, he destroys Taraka. He is also called Kumara (Tamil for "youth").
[citation needed]
Another Story [10] After their marriage, Lord Shiva and Parvati lived happily at Mt. Gandhamadana. Once, while they were enjoying an intimate moment, a small quantity of Shiva's vital fluid fell on the ground. Tremendous amount of heat began emanating from it and it threatened to engulf the entire world in flames. Acting on the advice of Brahma and Vishnu, Agni went there in the guise of a mendicant and devoured the vital fluid.
Parvati felt insulted. She cursed Agni saying, "From this day thou shall be omnivorous and eat unclean things. The vital fluid that you have devoured shall cause an unbearable inflammation on your body." (Note: See this story for an alternate curse for why Agni became omnivorous.)
Instantly, Agni got unbearable inflammation on his body. He beseeched Lord Shiva for a way to end his agony. Lord Shiva said, "You will be relieved of this affliction when you transfer my vital fluid to the womb of a woman."
Agni retired to a desolate place, waiting for a suitable woman to arrive. He beheld the six Kritikas, all shivering with cold who arrived there. He then transferred Shiva's vital fluid to their wombs. They became pregnant. When their husbands came to know of this, they cursed the six women, to be turned into stars in a constellation in the sky. Before the transformation, the Kritikas aborted their fetuses on the Himalaya mountains. The holy river Ganga carried the fetuses to a secluded place, called the Sara Vana, which was covered with reeds. After some time, Lord Kartikeya (also called Skanda) manifested from those reeds. Since he was born to six mothers, he had six heads. Since he was born in the Sara Vana, he is also known as Saravana.
[Note: The Six Kritikas are the stars of the constellation pleiades. In other texts, Agni carries the six sparks that fell from the third eye of Shiva, not his vital fluid. The sparks are deposited in a pond in the Sara Vana, where a six babies are born on a lotus each. The Krittikas who came there, nursed the babies. When Parvati and Shiva came there, Parvati took all the babies in her arms and made them into one, albeit with six heads.]
The Devas rejoiced at the birth of this child. Lord Shiva and Parvati went to the place where the child was born. Parvati prayed to Shiva that only she should be the mother of Skanda and no one else. Shiva granted her this boon.
As per a prior prophesy, the child Kartikeya was anointed as the command-in-chief of the Devas. It had been foretold that only he could kill a demon named Taraka who had been plaguing the Devas. However, that incident is part of another story.
[edit]Divine legends
Given that legends related to Murugan are recounted separately in several Hindu epics, some differences between the various versions are observed. Some Sanskrit epics and puranas indicate that he was the elder son of Shiva. This is suggested by the legend connected to his birth; the wedding of Shiva and Parvati being necessary for the birth of a child who would vanquish the asura named Taraka. Also, Kartikeya is seen helping Shiva fight the newborn
Ganesha, Shiva's other son, in the
Shiva Purana. In the Ganapati Khandam of the
Brahma Vaivarta Purana, he is seen as the elder son of Shiva and Ganesha as the younger. In South India, it is believed that he is the younger of the two. A Puranic story has Ganesha obtain a divine mango of knowledge from Narada winning a contest with Murugan. While Murugan speeds around the world thrice to win the contest for the mango, Ganesha circumambulates Shiva and Parvati thrice as an equivalent and is given the mango. After winning it, he offers to give the mango to his upset brother. After this event, Ganesha was considered the elder brother owing as a tribute to his wisdom.
In many traditions, Murugan is seen as a bachelor. Many of the major events in Murugan's life take place during his youth, and legends surrounding his birth are popular. This has encouraged the worship of Murugan as a child-God, very similar to the worship of the child Krishna in north India. Other traditions have him married to two wives,
Valli and
Deivayanai.
[edit]Symbolism
Kartikeya symbols are based on the weapons -
Vel, the Divine Spear or Lance that He carries and His mount the
peacock. He is sometimes depicted with many weapons including: a sword, a javelin, a mace, a discus and a bow although more usually he is depicted wielding a
sakti or spear. This symbolizes His purification of human ills. His javelin is used to symbolize His far reaching protection, His discus symbolizes His knowledge of the truth, His mace represents His strength and His bow shows His ability to defeat all ills. His peacock mount symbolizes his destruction of the ego.
His six heads represent the six
siddhis bestowed upon
yogis over the course of their spiritual development. This corresponds to his role as the
bestower of siddhis.
[edit]Worship through ages
[edit]Tamil Nadu
In
Tamil Nadu, Murugan has continued to be popular with all classes of society right since the
Sangam age. This has led to more elaborate accounts of his mythology in the Tamil language, culminating in the Tamil version of
Skanda Purana, called
Kandha Purānam, written by Kacchiappa Sivachariyar (1350-1420 AD.) of Kumara Kottam in the city of
Kanchipuram. (He was a scholar in Tamil and Sanskrit literature, and a votary of the
Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy.)
He is married to two deities,
Valli, a daughter of a
tribal chief and
Deivayanai (also called Devasena), the daughter of Indra. During His bachelorhood, Lord Murugan is also regarded as
Kumaraswami (or Bachelor God),
Kumara meaning a bachelor and
Swami meaning God. Muruga rides a
peacock and wields a
bow in battle. The lance called
Vel in Tamil is a weapon closely associated with him. The
Vel was given to him by his mother,
Parvati, and embodies her energy and power. His army's standard depicts a
rooster. In the war,
Surapadman was split into two, and each half was granted a boon by Murugan. The halves, thus turned into the peacock (his mount) and the
rooster his flag, which also "refers to the sun"
[11].
As Muruga is worshipped predominantly in
Tamil Nadu, many of his names are of Tamil origin. These include
Senthil, the red or formidable one;
Arumuga, the six-faced one;
Guha and
Maal-Marugan, the son-in-law of
Vishnu.
Murugan is venerated throughout the Tamil year. There is a six day period of fast and prayer in the Tamil month of Aippasi known as the Skanda Shasti. He is worshipped at
Thaipusam, celebrated by
Tamil communities worldwide near the full moon of the Tamil month Thai. This commemorates the day he was given a
Vel or
lance by his mother in order to vanquish the
asuras. Thirukarthigai or the full moon of the Tamil month of Karthigai signifies his birth. Each Tuesday of the Tamil month of Adi is also dedicated to the worship of Murugan. Tuesday in the Hindu tradition connotes
Mangala, the god of planet Mars and war.
[edit]Other parts of India
Historically, Kartikeya enjoyed immense popularity in the Indian subcontinent. One of the major Puranas, the
Skanda Purana is dedicated to him. In the
Bhagavad-Gita (Ch.10, Verse 24),
Krishna, while explaining his omnipresence, names the most perfect being, mortal or divine, in each of several categories. While doing so, he says: "Among generals, I am Skanda, the lord of war."
Lord Kartikeswar idol in
Orissa
Kartikeya's presence in the religious and cultural sphere can be seen at least from the
Guptaage. Two of the Gupta kings,
Kumaragupta and
Skandagupta, were named after him. He is seen in the Gupta sculptures and in the temples of
Ellora and
Elephanta. As the commander of the divine armies, he became the patron of the ruling classes. His youth, beauty and bravery was much celebrated in Sanskrit works like the
Kathasaritsagara.
Kalidasa made the birth of Kumara the subject of a lyrical epic, the
Kumaarasambhavam.
In ancient India, Kartikeya was also regarded as the patron deity of thieves, as may be inferred from the
Mrichchakatikam, a
Sanskrit play by
Shudraka, and in the
Vetala-panchvimshati, a medieval collection of tales. This association is linked to the fact that Kartikeya had dug through the Krauncha mountain to kill Taraka and his brothers (in the
Mrichchakatikam, Sarivilaka prays to him before tunnelling into the hero's house).
However, Kartikeya's popularity in
North India receded from the Middle Ages onwards, and his worship is today virtually unknown except in parts of
Haryana. There is a very famous temple dedicated to Him in the town of
Pehowa in
Haryana and this temple is very well known in the adjoining areas, especially because women are not allowed anywhere close to it. Women stay away from this temple in
Pehowa town of
Haryana because this shrine celebrates the
Brahmachari form of Kartikeya. Reminders of former devotions to him include a temple at Achaleshwar, near
Batala in
Punjab, and another temple of Skanda atop the Parvati hill in
Pune,
Maharashtra. Another vestige of his former popularity can be seen in
Bengal, where he is worshipped during the
Durga Puja festivities alongside
Durga.
Lord Subramanya is the major deity among the Thiyyas of northern Kerala. Lord Subramanya is worshipped with utmost devotion in districts of
Dakshina Kannada and
Udupi in the state of
Karnataka. Rituals like
nagaradhane are unique to this region.
Khandoba, is the
Kuldevta for majority of
Marathi people in Maharashtra. It has been speculated that Skanda and Khandoba are one and the same. However, he is mainly worshipped as a manifestation of
Shiva.
Uttaranchal.In uttaranchal also one of the famous temple of Murgan.It is located in Kanachouri Chamoli district.Temple is known there as Kartik swami Temple.It was built by Shri Hira singh Negi.In June Month 11 days yagya of Kartik Swami temple is famous in Chamoli and Rudraprayag District.The Idol of Kartik Swami go to original temple from Swari Village.Rest of the time the Kartik Swami Idol stay at the home of Pooran Singh Negi,Narayan Singh Negi,Vikrant and Neeraj Negi Home.These all belongs to family of Shri Hira Singh Negi.
[edit]West Bengal
Kartikeya also known as Kartik or Kartika is also worshipped in
West Bengal, and
Kolkata(the capital of the state) on the last day of the Hindu month of '
Kartik'. However, the popularity of Kartik Puja (worshipping Kartik) is decreasing now, and Lord Kartik is primarily worshipped among those who intend to have a son. In Bengal, traditionally, many people drop images of Lord Kartik inside the boundaries of different households, who all are either newly married, or else, intend to get a son to carry on with their ancestry. Lord Kartik is also associated to the
Babu Culture prevailed in historic Kolkata, and hence, many traditional old Bengali paintings still show Kartik dressed in traditional Bengali style. Also, in some parts of West Bengal, Kartik is traditionally worshipped by the ancestors of the past royal families too, as in the district of
Malda. Kartik Puja is also popular among the prostitutes. This can probably be linked to the fact that, the prostitutes mostly got clients from the upper class babu-s in old Kolkata, who all, in turn, had been associated to the image of Kartik (as discussed above). In Bansberia (Hooghly district) Kartik Puja festival is celebrated like Durga puja of Kolkata, Jagadhatri puja in Chandannagar for consecutive four days. The festival starts on 17 November every year and on 16 November in case of Leap year.
[12] Some of the must see Puja committees are Bansberia Kundugoli Nataraj, Khamarapara Milan Samity RadhaKrishna, Kishor Bahini, Mitali Sangha, Yuva Sangha, Bansberia Pratap Sangha and many more.
[edit]Sri Lanka
Entrance to the Katirkāmam temple
Murugan is adored by both Tamil
Hindus and Sinhalese
Buddhists in
Sri Lanka. Numerous temples exist throughout the island. He is a favorite deity of the common folk everywhere and it is said he never hesitates to come to the aid of a devotee when called upon.
In the deeply Sinhalese south of Sri Lanka, Murugan is worshipped at the temple in
Katirkāmam, where he is known as Kathiravel or Katragama Deviyo (Lord of Katragama) . This temple is next to an old Buddhist place of worship. Local legend holds that Lord Murugan alighted in Kataragama and was smitten by Valli, one of the local aboriginal lasses. After a courtship, they were married. This event is taken to signify that Lord Murugan is accessible to all who worship and love him, regardless of their birth or heritage. The
Nallur Kandaswamy temple, the
Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple and the Sella Channithy Temple near Valvettiturai are the three foremost Murugan temples in
Jaffna. The Chitravelayutha temple in Verukal on the border between Trincomalee and Batticaloa is also noteworthy as is the Mandur Kandaswamy temple in Batticaloa. The late medieval-era temple of the tooth in
Kandy, dedicated to the tooth relic of the Buddha, has a Kataragama deiyo shrine adjacent to it dedicated to the veneration of Skanda in the Sinhalese tradition.
Based on archeological evidence found, it is believed that the Kiri Vehera was either renovated to build during the 1st century BCE. There are number of others inscriptions and ruins.
[14]
By the 16th century the Kathiravel shrine at
Katirkāmam had become synonymous with Skanda-Kumara who was a guardian deity of Sinhala Buddhism.
[15] The town was popular as a place of pilgrimage for Hindus from India and Sri Lanka by the 15 the century. The popularity of the deity at the Kataragama temple was also recorded by the Pali chronicles of Thailand such as Jinkalmali in the 16th century. There are number of legends both Buddhist and Hindu that attribute supernatural events to the very locality.
[15] Scholars such as Paul Younger and Heinz Bechert speculate that rituals practiced by the native priests of Kataragama temple betray Vedda ideals of propitiation. Hence they believe the area was of Vedda veneration that was taken over by the Buddhist and Hindus in the medieval period.
[16]
[edit]Temples
Murugan Icons carried in procession during
Thaipusam at Batu Caves
Shanmuga Temple Bangalore
The main temples of Murugan are located in Southern India. They include the
Aru Padaiveedu (six houses - rather, military camps in his campaign against asuras) -
Thiruchendur,
Swamimalai,
Pazhamudircholai,
Thirupparangunram,
Palani (Pazhani),
Thiruthani - and other important shrines like
Mayilam,
Sikkal,
Marudamalai,
Kundrathur,
Vadapalani, Kandakottam, Thiruporur,
Vallakottai,
Vayalur,
Thirumalaikoil, Pachaimalai and Pavalamalai near
Gobichettipalayam.
Malai Mandir, a prominent and popular temple complex in
Delhi, is one of the few dedicated to Murugan in all of North India apart from the
Pehowa temple in
Haryana.
There are many temples dedicated to Lord Subramanya in
Kerala. Amongst them, the most important ones are Payyannur Subramanya Swamy temple in
Payyanur and the Subramanya temple in
Haripad.
[according to whom?]Payyanur Shri Subramanya Swami temple is considered as mini-Palani. The astrology and Ganitha, Prashna Shastra Jyothish developed here, all because of Subramanya swami, who is also called "Jyotishathin-Kaadaleee" meaning the Lord of Astrology.
There is a famous temple in the area of Skandagiri in
Secunderabad (twin city to
Hyderabad), in the state of Andhra Pradesh, Skandagiri Murugan Temple.
In
Karnataka there is the temple called
Kukke Subramanya Temple. There Lord Murugan is worshipped as the Lord of the serpents. Aaslesha Bali, Sarpa Samskara with nagapathista samarpa are major prayers here.
The key temples in Sri Lanka include the sylvan shrine in
Kataragama / (Kadirgamam), or Kathirkamam in the deep south, the temple in Tirukovil in the east, the shrine in Embekke in the Kandyan region and the famed
Nallur Kandaswamy temple in
Jaffna.
There are several temples dedicated to Lord Murugan in
Malaysia, the most famous being the
Batu Caves near Kuala Lumpur. There is a 42.7 m-high statue of Lord Murugan at the entrance to the Batu Caves, which is the largest Lord Murugan statue in the world.
Sri Thandayuthapani Temple in Tank Road,
Singapore is a major Hindu temple where each year the Thaipusam festival takes place with devotees of Lord Muruga carrying Kavadis seeking penance and blessings of the Lord.
In United kingdom, Highgate Hill Murugan temple is one of the oldest and most famous. In London, Sri Murugan Temple in Manor park is a well known temple. In Midlands, Leicester Shri Siva Murugan Temple
[4] is gaining popularity recently.
Skanda Vale in West Wales was founded by Guruji, a Tamil devotee of Subramaniam, and its primary deity is Lord Murugan.
In Toronto, Canada, Canada Kanthasamy Temple is known amongst many Hindus in Canada.
[edit]See also
[edit]References
- ^ "Rare Sri Lankan idol recovered" . BBC News. 11 June 2008.
- ^ Cage of Freedom By Andrew C. Willford
- ^ Clothey p.49 Skanda is derived from the verb skanḍr meaning "to attack, leap, rise, fall, be spilled, ooze"
- ^ Many Faces of Murakan: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God By Fred W. Clothey p.1 [1]
- ^ "Muruga in Indus Script" - a note by the renowned epigraphist, Iravatham Mahadevan
- ^ Kanchan Sinha, Kartikeya in Indian art and literature, 1979,Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan.
- ^ The Smile of Murugan on Tamil Literature of South India By Kamil Zvelebil
- ^ a b Ratna Navaratnam ; Karttikeya, the divine child:the Hindu testament of wisdom published in 1973 by the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
- ^ Mahabharata, Aranyaka Parva, Section 230 of the vulgate translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli (1883-1896)
- ^ http://www.apamnapat.com/articles/030Shiva-BirthOfKartikeya.html
- ^ [2] The Hexagram, Symbol of God Murukan - N.S. Valluvan - Chennai, India
- ^ [3]
- ^ Kinsley, David (1988). Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions . University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06339-2. p. 95.
- ^ Jayaratne, D.K. (May 5, 2009). "Rescue Archeology of Ruhuna, Veheralgala project." . Peradeniya University. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ a b Pathmanathan, S (September 1999). "The guardian deities of Sri Lanka:Skanda-Murgan and Kataragama" . The journal of the institute of Asian studies (The institute of Asian studies).
- ^ Bechert, Heinz (1970). "Skandakumara and Kataragama: An Aspect of the Relation of Hinduism and Buddhism in Sri Lanka" .Proceedings of the Third International Tamil Conference Seminar (Paris: International Association of Tamil Research).
- ^ Religionen in der Schweiz: Hinduismus
[edit]Further reading
[edit]External links
- Registered Trustees Nattukottai Chettiars' Temple, Penang, Malaysia
- Perth Bala Murugan Temple in Mandogalup, Western Australia, Australia
- http://www.palanitemples.com/ Lord Muruga Portal
- Murugan Bhakti Website
- Murugan Devotional Songs
- Subrahmanya Swami Temple of Payyanur
- http://www.highgatehillmurugan.org/
- http://www.leicestersrimurugantemple.org.uk/ Leicester Sri Siva Murugan Temple Official Website
- Swami Sivananda's book on Lord Kartikeya; also available on PDF.
- Skanda worship in Katirkamam, Sri Lanka
- Kaumaram Murugan Info
- YouTube video lectures praising Lord Muruga and explaining Kandhar Anubudhi by the "YouTube Pugal Muruga Bhaktan"
- Murugan devotional video songs - YouTube Playlist
- Murugan Temple of North America
- Murugan Temple in D.D.O., Montreal, Canada
- Lord Murugan Temples in Tamil Nadu, India
- Kartik Swami, Rudraprayag Uttarakhand
- Inuvil Kanthan Temple,Jaffna Srilanka
Welcome to The Montreal Thiru Murugan Temple’s
Also popularly known as Montreal ARULMIHU THIRUMURUGAN KOYIL (“மொன்றியல் அருள்மிகு திருமுருகன் கோயில்” - Tamil ).
Temple du Murugan est administre par La Mission Saiva du Quebec
(French). Administered by SAIVA MISSION OF QUEBEC
established in 1983 and registered as Non-Profit religious organization.
This Temple is the first Saivaite Temple in the Province of Quebec in
Canada. While it is open to all those devotees who believe in
SAIVAISM to fulfill their religious rituals and functions, all other faiths are cordially invited to this Temple.
அடியார் ஆக்கம்
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முருகப்பெருமான் அடியார்களே வணக்கம்! வருடாந்த மகோற்சவத்தை முன்னிட்டு எமது இணையத்தில் அடியார் ஆக்கம் எனும் பகுதியை பிரசுரிக்கவுள்ளதால் அடியார்களாகிய நீங்கள் முருகப்பெருமான்,திருக்கோவில் பற்றிய புகைப்படங்களை அல்லது உங்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட(Editing)புகைப்படங்களை அல்லது முருகப்பெருமான் மீதான பாடல்கள், கவிதைகள், ஆக்கங்கள் ஆகியவற்றினை எமக்கு info@inuvilkanthan.com எனும் மின்னஞ்சல் முகவரிக்கு உங்கள் விபரங்களுடன் அனுப்பி வைக்கவும். நன்றி.
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1) Kanda Shasti Kavasam
Thuthipporku Valvinaipom Thunbampom
Nenjil Pathipporku Selvam Palithuk Kathithongum
Nishtaiyum Kaikoodum
Nimalar Arul Kanthar Sashti Kavacham Thanai
Amarar Idar Theera Amaram Purintha
Kumaranadi Nenjeh Kuri
Sashtiyai Nokka Saravana Bavanaar
Sishtarukku Uthavum Sengkathir Velon
Paatham Irandil Panmani Sathangai
Geetham Paada Kinkini Yaada
Maiya Nadam Seiyum Mayil Vahananaar
Kaiyil Velaal Yenaik Kaakka Vendru Vanthu
Varavara Velah Yuthanaar Varuha
Varuha Varuha Mayilon Varuha
Inthiran Mudhalaa Yendisai Potra
Manthira Vadivel Varuha Varuha
Vaasavan Maruhaa Varuha Varuha
Nesak Kuramahal Ninaivon Varuha
Aarumuham Padaitha Aiyaa Varuha
Neeridum Velavan Nitham Varuha
Sirahiri Velavan Seekkiram Varuha
Saravana Bavanaar Saduthiyil Varuha
Rahana Bavasa Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra
Rihana Bavasa Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri
Vinabava Sarahana Veeraa Namo Nama
Nibava Sarahana Nira Nira Nirena
Vasara Hanabava Varuha Varuha
Asurar Kudi Kedutha Aiyaa Varuha
Yennai Yaalum Ilaiyon Kaiyil
Pannirendu Aayutham Paasaan Gusamum
Parantha Vizhihal Pannirandu Ilanga
Virainthu Yenaik Kaakka Velon Varuha
Aiyum Kiliyum Adaivudan Sauvum
Uyyoli Sauvum Uyiraiyum Kiliyum
Kiliyum Sauvum Kilaroli Yaiyum
Nilai Petrenmun Nithamum Olirum
Shanmuhan Neeyum Thaniyoli Yovvum
Kundaliyaam Siva Guhan Thinam Varuha
Aaru Muhamum Animudi Aarum
Neeridu Netriyum Neenda Puruvamum
Panniru Kannum Pavalach Chevvaayum
Nanneri Netriyil Navamanich Chuttiyum
Eeraaru Seviyil Ilahu Kundalamum
Aariru Thinpuyathu Azhahiya Maarbil
Palboo Shanamum Pathakkamum Tharithu
Nanmanipoonda Navarathna Maalaiyum
Muppuri Noolum Muthani Maarbum
Sepppazhahudaiya Thiruvayir Unthiyum
Thuvanda Marungil Sudaroli Pattum
Navarathnam Pathitha Nartchee Raavum
Iruthodai Azhahum Inai Muzhanthaalum
Thiruvadi Yathanil Silamboli Muzhanga
Seha Gana Seha Gana Seha Gana Segana
Moga Moga Moga Moga Moga Moga Mogana
Naha Naha Naha Naha Naha Naha Nahena
Digu Kuna Digu Digu Digu Kuna Diguna
Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra Ra
Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri
Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du Du
Dagu Dagu Digu Digu Dangu Dingugu
Vinthu Vinthu Mayilon Vinthu
Munthu Munthu Muruhavel Munthu
Yenthanai Yaalum Yehraha Selva
Mainthan Vehndum Varamahizhnth Thuthavum
Laalaa Laalaa Laalaa Vehshamum
Leelaa Leelaa Leelaa Vinothanendru
Unthiru Vadiyai Uruthi Yendrennum
Yen Thalai Vaithun Yinaiyadi Kaaka
Yennuyirk Uyiraam Iraivan Kaaka
Panniru Vizhiyaal Baalanaik Kaaka
Adiyen Vathanam Azhahuvel Kaaka
Podipunai Netriyaip Punithavel Kaaka
Kathirvel Irandu Kanninaik Kaaka
Vithisevi Irandum Velavar Kaaka
Naasihal Irandum Nalvel Kaaka
Pesiya Vaaythanai Peruvel Kaaka
Muppathirupal Munaivel Kaaka
Seppiya Naavai Sevvel Kaaka
Kannam Irandum Kathirvel Kaaka
Yennilang Kazhuthai Iniyavel Kaaka
Maarbai Irathna Vadivel Kaaka
Serila Mulaimaar Thiruvel Kaaka
Vadivel Iruthol Valamberak Kaaka
Pidarihal Irandum Peruvel Kaaka
Azhahudan Muthuhai Arulvel Kaaka
Pazhu Pathinaarum Paruvel Kaaka
Vetrivel Vayitrai Vilangave Kaaka
Sitridai Azhahura Sevvel Kaaka
Naanaam Kayitrai Nalvel Kaaka
Aan Penn Kurihalai Ayilvel Kaaka
Pittam Irandum Peruvel Kaaka
Vattak Kuthathai Valvel Kaaka
Panai Thodai Irandum Paruvel Kaaka
Kanaikaal Muzhanthaal Kathirvel Kaaka
Aiviral Adiyinai Arulvel Kaaka
Kaihal Irandum Karunaivel Kaaka
Munkai Irandum Muranvel Kaaka
Pinkai Irandum Pinnaval Irukka
Naavil Sarasvathi Natrunai Yaaha
Naabik Kamalam Nalvel Kakka
Muppaal Naadiyai Munaivel Kaaka
Yeppozhuthum Yenai Yethirvel Kaaka
Adiyen Vasanam Asaivula Neram
Kaduhave Vanthu Kanahavel Kaaka
Varum Pahal Thannil Vachravel Kaaka
Arai Irul Thannil Anaiyavel Kaaka
Yemathil Saamathil Yethirvel Kaaka
Thaamatham Neeki Chathurvel Kaaka
Kaaka Kaaka Kanahavel Kaaka
Noaka Noaka Nodiyil Noaka
Thaakka Thaakka Thadaiyara Thaakka
Paarka Paarka Paavam Podipada
Billi Soonyam Perumpahai Ahala
Valla Bootham Valaashtihap Peihal
Allal Paduthum Adangaa Muniyum
Pillaihal Thinnum Puzhakadai Muniyum
Kollivaayp Peihalum Kuralaip Peihalum
Penkalai Thodarum Bramaraa Chatharum
Adiyanaik Kandaal Alari Kalangida
Irisi Kaatteri Ithunba Senaiyum
Yellilum Iruttilum Yethirpadum Mannarum
Kana Pusai Kollum Kaaliyodu Anaivarum
Vittaan Gaararum Migu Pala Peihalum
Thandiyak Kaararum Sandaalar Halum
Yen Peyar Sollavum Idi Vizhunthodida
Aanai Adiyinil Arum Paavaihalum
Poonai Mayirum Pillaihal Enpum
Nahamum Mayirum Neenmudi Mandaiyum
Paavaihal Udane Pala Kalasathudan
Manaiyil Puthaitha Vanjanai Thanaiyum
Ottiya Paavaiyum Ottiya Serukkum
Kaasum Panamum Kaavudan Sorum
Othu Manjanamum Oruvazhi Pokum
Adiyanaik Kandaal Alainthu Kulainthida
Maatran Vanjahar Vanthu Vanangida
Kaala Thoothaal Yenai Kandaal Kalangida
Anji Nadungida Arandu Purandida
Vaay Vittalari Mathi Kettoda
Padiyinil Mutta Paasak Kayitraal
Kattudan Angam Katharida Kattu
Katti Uruttu Kaal Kai Muriya
Kattu Kattu Katharida Kattu
Muttu Muttu Muzhihal Pithungida
Sekku Sekku Sethil Sethilaaha
Sokku Sokku Soorpahai Sokku
Kuthu Kuthu Koorvadi Velaal
Patru Patru Pahalavan Thanaleri
Thanaleri Thanaleri Thanalathuvaaha
Viduvidu Velai Verundathu Oda
Puliyum Nariyum Punnari Naayum
Yeliyum Karadiyum Inithodarnthu Oda
Thelum Paambum Seyyaan Pooraan
Kadivida Vishangal Kadithuyar Angam
Yeriya Vishangal Yelithudan Iranga
Polippum Sulukkum Oruthalai Noyum
Vaatham Sayithiyam Valippu Pitham
Soolai Sayam Kunmam Sokku Sirangu
Kudaichal Silanthi Kudalvip Purithi
Pakka Pilavai Padarthodai Vaazhai
Kaduvan Paduvan Kaithaal Silanthi
Parkuthu Aranai Paru Arai Yaakkum
Yellap Piniyum Yendranaik Kandaal
Nillaa Thoda Nee Yenak Arulvaay
Eerezhula Hamum Yenak Uravaaha
Aanum Pennum Anaivarum Yenakkaa
Mannaal Arasarum Mahizhnthura Vaahavum
Unnai Thuthikka Un Thirunaamam
Saravana Bavane Sailoli Bavanee
Thirupura Bavane Thigazholi Bavane
Paripura Bavane Pavamozhi Bavane
Arithiru Maruhaa Amaraa Pathiyai
Kaathu Thevarkal Kadum Sirai Viduthaay
Kanthaa Guhane Kathir Velavane
Kaarthihai Mainthaa Kadambaa Kadambanai
Idumbanai Yazhitha Iniyavel Muruhaa
Thanihaa Salane Sangaran Puthalvaa
Kathirkaa Mathurai Kathirvel Muruhaa
Pazhani Pathivaazh Baala Kumaaraa
Aavinan Kudivaazh Azhahiya Vela
Senthil Maamalai Yurum Sengalva Raayaa
Samaraa Purivaazh Shanmuha Tharase
Kaarar Kuzhalaal Kalaimahal Nandraay
Yennaa Irukka Yaan Unai Paada
Yenai Thodarnthu Irukkum Yenthai Muruhanai
Padinen Aadinen Paravasa Maaha
Aadinen Naadinen Aavinan Poothiyey
Nesamudan Yaan Netriyil Aniya
Paasa Vinaihal Patrathu Neengi
Unpatham Perave Unnarulaaha
Anbudan Rakshi Annamum Sonnamum
Metha Methaaha Velaayu Thanaar
Sithi Petradiyen Sirappudan Vazhga
Vaazhga Vaazhga Mayilon Vaazhga
Vaazhga Vaazhga Vadivel Vaazhga
Vaazhga Vaazhga Malai Guru Vaazhga
Vaazhga Vaazhga Malai Kura Mahaludan
Vaazhga Vaazhga Vaarana Thuvasam
Vaazhga Vaazhga Yen Varumaihal Neenga
Yethanai Kuraihal Yethanai Pizhaihal
Yethanai Adiyen Yethanai Seiyinum
Petravan Neeguru Poruppathu Unkadan
Petraval Kuramahal Petravalaame
Pillai Yendranbaay Piriya Malithu
Mainthan Yenmeethu Unmanam Mahizhntharuli
Thanjam Yendradiyaar Thazhaithida Arulsey
Kanthar Sashti Kavasam Virumbiya
Baalan Theva Raayan Paharn Thathai
Kaalaiyil Maalaiyil Karuthudan Naalum
Aasaa Rathudan Angam Thulakki
Nesamudan Oru Ninaivathu Vaahi
Kanthar Sashti Kavasam Ithanai
Sindhai Kalangaathu Thiyaani Pavarhal
Orunaal Muppathaa Ruru Kondu
Othiyeh Jebithu Uhanthu Neeraniya
Ashta Thikkullor Adangalum Vasamaay
Thisai Mannar Yenmar Seyalathu (Sernthangu) Arulvar
Maatrala Rellaam Vanthu Vananguvar
Navakol Mahizhnthu Nanmai Alithidum
Navamatha Nenavum Nallezhil Peruvar
Enthanaalum Eerettaay Vaazhvar
Kantharkai Velaam Kavasa Thadiyai
Vazhiyaay Kaana Meiyaay Vilangum
Vizhiyaal Kaana Verundidum Peigal
Pollathavarai Podi Podi Yaakkum
Nallor Ninaivil Nadanam Puriyum
Sarva Sathuru Sankaa Rathadi
Arintha Yenathullaam Ashta Letchmihalil
Veera Letchmikku Virun Thunavaaha
Soora Bathmaavaith Thunithagai Yathanaal
Iruba Thezhvarkku Uvan Thamuthalitha
Gurubaran Pazhani Kundrinil Irukkum
Chinna Kuzhanthai Sevadi Potri
Yenai Thadu Thaatkola Yendrana Thullum
Meviya Vadivurum Velava Potri
Thevargal Senaa Pathiye Potri
Kuramahal Manamahizh Kove Potri
Thiramihu Thivya Thehaa Potri
Idumbaa Yuthane Idumbaa Potri
Kadambaa Potri Kanthaa Potri
Vetchi Punaiyum Veleh Potri
Uyargiri Kanaha Sabaikor Arase
Mayilnada Miduvoy Malaradi Saranam
Saranam Saranam Saravanabava Om
Saranam Saranam Shanmuhaa Saranam
Saranam Saranam Shanmuhaa Saranam
TAMIL:
1) அழகென்ற சொல்லுக்கு முருகா..
முருகா.. முருகா..
அழகென்ற சொல்லுக்கு முருகா உந்தன்
அருளன்றி உலகிலே பொருளேது முருகா (அழகென்ற)
சுடராக வந்தவேல் முருகா – கொடும்
சூரரைப் போரிலே வென்றவேல் முருகா
கனிக்காக மனம் நொந்த முருகா முக்
கனியான தமிழ் தந்த செல்வமே முருகா (அழகென்ற)
ஆண்டியாய் நின்ற வேல் முருகா – உன்னை
அண்டினோர் வாழ்விலே இன்பமே முருகா
பழம் நீ அப்பனே முருகா – ஞானப்
பழமுன்னை யல்லாது பழமேது முருகா (அழகென்ற)
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குறை நீக்கும் வள்ளல் நீயல்லவோ முருகா
சக்தியுமை பாலனே முருகா – மனித
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பிரணவப் பொருள் கண்டதிரு முருகா – பரம்
பொருளுக்கு குருவான தேசிகா முருகா
அரஹரா ஷண்முகா முருகா – என்று
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கலியுக வரதனே அருள்தாரும் முருகா (அழகென்ற)
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